"This workshop investigates new means of architectural scale concrete 3D printing to fabricate robust doubly curved geometries and construct structurally optimized thin shell structures. Sub-Additive Manufacturing explores a three dimensional deposition of concrete printing material on a mechanically shaped substructure of reusable aggregate. Concrete material is extruded with a robotic arm using three dimensionally curved deposition paths on top of the shaped gravel. By printing in three dimensions, the time consuming process of corbeling is replaced by spatial concrete arching. Creating curvature in concrete with this method increases the speed over typical 3D printing practices, can produce double curved geometries which are structurally optimized, does not require form-work during assembly of shell components, and eliminates waste material. From nozzle design and material feedback to digital form finding processes and implementation of advanced fabrication technologies, this workshop introduces a series of key concepts and methods radically advancing concrete 3D printing at full scale."
http://www.robarch2018.org/sub-additive-3d-printing-optimized-double-curved-concrete-lattice-thin-shell-structures/
http://www.robarch2018.org/sub-additive-3d-printing-optimized-double-curved-concrete-lattice-thin-shell-structures/